Bollinger, Lee C. “Why Diversity Matters.” The Chronicle of Higher Education 53.39 (2007): NA. General Onefile. 18 Oct. 2007 http://find.galegroup.com.
This article shows on a broader level the need for affirmative action programs. There is a need for diversity in all levels of education which means that there should not be cases in the Supreme Court trying to overturn a case that ruled that “separate is inherently unequal,” these court cases are examples of the lack of progress our educational systems have made in 60 years. The author also shows the necessity of diversity in school systems of all levels. This article will be used in my essay to show how the court system and voters are hurting the educational systems by deciding that these programs should be illegal.
Bridglall, Beatrice L. and Edmund W. Gordon, Eds. Affirmative Development: Cultivating Academic Ability. New York: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc, 2007.
In Chapter 4 of this book, Affirmative Development as an Alternative to Affirmative Action, the author writes about an alternative to affirmative action. The chapter begins by summarizing the history or affirmative action and its use in education and then proceeds to list the differences between affirmative action programs and affirmative development programs. This chapter will be used as another example of how the idea behind affirmative action can still be in place while the programs are changed slightly to receive fewer criticisms.
Dervarics, Charles. “Lawmakers Link Affirmative Action, K-12 Funding Issues.” Black Issues in Higher Education 20.8 (2003): NA. Academic Search Premier 21 Oct. 2007 http://search.ebscohost.com.
This article makes the argument that “unequal funding and affirmative action” are very clearly related to one another. U.S. Representatives from the Black Caucus argue that the lack of funding justifies affirmative action in admissions because it brings about diversity in admissions. This article will be used to defend an argument in support of affirmative action stating that there can no be “color blind college admissions” unless there is an equal amount of money given to poor and rich areas. In my essay this article will be used to show why affirmative action programs should be in place and how they affect a specific demographic of our society.
Feinberg, Walter. On Higher Ground: Education and the Case for Affirmative Action. New York: Teachers College Press, 1998.
In chapter three of this book, A Case for a Backward-looking Gender- and Race-based Policy, the author presents an alternative to race-based affirmative action programs and also displays different criticisms people have towards affirmative action programs and legislation. The author presents an idea of need-based affirmative action as opposed to race-based affirmative action. This chapter will be used in my essay to display an alternative to race-based affirmative action as well as defend the whole idea of affirmative action in the first place.
Garrison-Wade, Dorothy F., and Chance W. Lewis. “Affirmative Action: History and Analysis.” Journal of College Admission 23 (2004). Ebsco. 21 Oct. 2007 http://search.ebscohost.com.
In this source the two authors effectively give a brief history of affirmative action. The article also cites seven specific ways to analyze the success and effectiveness of affirmative action programs and legislation. In my essay I will use the information from this article to help analyze the effectiveness of different affirmative action programs and legislation. This source also contains direct quotes from president Lyndon B. Johnson, the president who first passed affirmative action legislation, which I will use to explain the history of the legislation.
Madison, Gary J. “Nationwide attack on affirmative action: Michigan loss leaves proponents retooling their strategy for future battles.” Black Enterprise 37.7 (2007): 29(1). General Onefile. 17 Oct. 2007 http://find.galegroup.com.
This article shows the reaction of the black community to the Michigan voters’ decision to vote against affirmative action in university admissions. This article shows that there is a significant amount of people who do not want there to be any sort of affirmative action programs in college admissions. This will be used in my essay to show that voters do not wish for there to be any sort of affirmative action legislation or program in college admissions and the reaction the black community has to the decisions to eliminate these programs.
Massey, Garth. “Thinking about Affirmative Action: Arguments Supporting Preferential Policies.” Review of Policy Research 21.6 (2004): NA. Academic Search Premier. 21 Oct. 2007 http://search.ebscohost.com.
The authors of the article “Thinking about Affirmative Action Arguments Supporting Preferential Policies,” seek to show six different arguments in support of affirmative action policies. The first three are used quite commonly, like the argument for making amends for past wrongs, etc. The second three are not as common and are much stronger arguments for these programs. This article will be used to find a new and different way to support affirmative action. Also this article uses specific examples to back up each argument for these programs causing these points to be much stronger and arguable than others.
Mitchell, Alison. “Defending Affirmative Action, Clinton Urges Debate on Race.” The New York Times (1997): NA. Academic Onefile 21 Oct. 2007 http://find.galegroup.com.
This article is an example of president Bill Clinton stating his clear support for national as well as state, specifically in California, affirmative action programs and legislation. President Clinton is an example of how high up support for affirmative action programs goes and the lengths at which a man with his amount of power can go to in order for legislation to be effective. This article will be used in my essay to support affirmative action programs and to show the actions that can be taken by political figures to pass legislation and influence the opinions of voters in certain directions.
Reyna, Christine, et al. “Searching for Common Ground between Supporters and Opponents of Affirmative Action.” Political Psychology 26.5 (2005). 21 Oct. 2007 Http://search.ebscohost.com.
This article shows that there is middle ground between those who are opponents or those who are proponents of affirmative action programs and legislation. This source has statistical evidence of the overlaps in their opinions. The source goes through to show how the authors conducted the study and who the participants were etc. This source will be used in my essay to show the overlap in people’s opinions. Using the different polls that were taken in the writing of the article as statistical proof of these overlaps.
Roach, Ronald. “Living In A Post-Affirmative Action World.” Black Issues in Higher Education 20.1 (2003): 32. Academic Search Premier. 8 Oct. 2007 http://search.ebscohost.com.
This article was written before the Michigan ruling on its affirmative action programs for law school admissions and shows the different reactions people could have to the ruling. Stating that the amount of diversity in admissions would be very small because of the elimination of these programs. This article will be used in my essay to show the different expectations people have in a world that has no affirmative action programs in place. The results show statistically how people would vote for the programs and the different reactions scholars hope would come about once the ruling is made.
Schmidt, Peter. “Supreme Court Shows Increased Skepticism toward Affirmative Action.” Chronicle of Higher Education 53.1 (2006). 21 Oct. 2007
This article uses the specific example of the courts to show the attack on affirmative action programs and legislation. The article cites specific court cases as examples of these attacks. This article will be used in my essay to show specific examples of why the courts have begun attacking the affirmative action programs. This will be used in an argument against affirmative action programs to show an example of how our governmental system has an influence on the different programs that exist or why they do not exist.
“The Color of Change; Why are we still debating whether race should be a factor in college admissions?” Newsweek (2006): 52. General Onefile. 17 Oct. 2007
This article makes an argument that we as a society put way too much on affirmative action. The programs were not created to amend everything wrong with our society. In my essay I will use this article to show that the affirmative action programs did what they were supposed to when they were first created but have evolved and changed into something that could arguably be a negative thing.
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